This paper proposes a novel robust blind color image watermarking technique that combines entropy analysis, lifting wavelet transform (LWT), QR factorization, and discrete cosine transform (DCT) for copyright protection. The RGB components of the color image are first separated, and the R component is then subjected to the 2-level LWT. Following DCT is applied to the 2-level LWT's high-frequency sub-band, the DCT coefficients are separated into 4x4 non-overlapping blocks. Each chosen block is then subjected to QR factorization, and the watermark is embedded in the first row and first column element of the upper triangular matrix. Numerous simulated tests show that the presented scheme is highly imperceptible and robust to attacks. The presented watermarking scheme performs better than the others in terms of invisibility, according to comparisons with comparable schemes.

Abstract: This paper presents simulation technique for life assessment of the insulation of the power transformer. Load and ambient temperatures are two important factors that influence the hot spot of transformers. The transformer hot spot temperature is one of the most critical parameter in determining the life of transformer paper insulation. The simulation (Matlab Software Package) is based on related international standards as the IEC 60076-7:2005 loading guide method. Load and ambient temperatures of the transformer obtain from General Electrical Company and meteorology office of Libya are used as the input for the simulation together with transformer parameters from heat run test. Hottest spot temperature and loss-of-life are calculated. Lifetime of transformer is predicted. Keywords: Hot-spot temperature, power transformer, top-oil temperature, loss of life

The new era of distance education opens up a new problem space for researchers to redefine educational needs. The COVID-19 lockdown with its tremendous consequences has affected the way of thinking and acting and has highlighted the merits of distance education. One of the most important of these problems is the inability of the lecturer technically to manage and present remote lectures, which resulted in the student's dissatisfaction with distance education. In this research, we have studied how to facilitate the work of the lecturer, who suffers from many problems, including the technical issues that need technical competencies in the field of information technology and modern technologies used in distance education, including the simulation system and displaying the system via the Internet, studying how to help the student also, in receiving distance education techniques and dealing with the programs used by the lecturer in skillfully presenting educational curricula. For that, the research focused on studying how to use a team to facilitate this work called the E-Learning Facilitator Team. This team plays a vital role in developing and maintaining an online program that is effective, and smooth, and that will support the realization of the planned learning outcomes. Faculty delivering courses online must be more than transmitters of knowledge; they must become facilitators of learning. Some highly seasoned instructors from the traditional on-ground environment will quickly adapt to the online model, while others may find the transition challenging at first [10].

An optimized image watermarking technique based on LU factorization and entropy analysis in combination with lifting wavelet transform and discrete cosine transform is presented in this paper. At first, the original image is decomposed by a 2-level lifting wavelet transform for obtaining the coefficients of a high-frequency subband followed by discrete cosine transform. Afterward, non-overlapping blocks are obtained by dividing the coefficients of discrete cosine transform whereas LU factorization is applied to each nonoverlapping blocks based on pseudo-random sequences. Then, the watermark is embedded into the first row, the first column element of the upper triangular matrix of LU factorization. The normalized cross-correlation (NC), and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) are used to evaluate the invisibility and robustness of the presented technique. The experimental results have indicated that the presented technique fulfills all watermarking requirements in terms of invisibility, robustness, security, and capacity. The comparison with the existing scheme has shown that the proposed watermarking technique has a superior performance in terms of invisibility than the existing scheme.

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Traditional education depends on a set of basic elements, the most important of which are the educational curriculum, the lecturer, and the student, but these basic elements have been added to a new element in distance education, which is the electronic environment. During the COVID19 pandemic that began at the end of 2019 and the rapid transformation from traditional education to distance education and the involvement of distance education in implementing pre-prepared educational plans. This rapid transformation, in which the elements of education were not developed and not prepared in advance, led to the emergence of some problems in the educational outputs. Distance education, although its basic elements are the same as those of traditional education, the method of implementing it differed by introducing a new essential element, which is the electronic environment through which educational plans are implemented. In this research paper, the most important and influential actors in the educational process of distance learning and the problems resulting from this rapid transformation will be studied, then find appropriate solutions to keep pace with the development in the educational process, through an evaluation study of the experience of the Faculty of Science at Gharyan University. The results of this research will be useful to implement changes in the educational system and to meet the requirements of modern educational standards for higher education.

Since the last century, universities in developed countries have begun to work on technology transfer. Thus, the process of marketing the technologies discovered by those universities became an engine of economic growth, as these universities played a significant role in bringing innovative ideas to the market. Since then, technology transfer activities that were previously practiced by elite universities have received attention due to increasing university revenues, creating research links between academia and industry.

In this paper, we review the aspects related to the process of technology transfer in terms of its importance, and its model of work in universities, starting with the phase of discovering and evaluating the invention, the phase of patenting, and ending with the phase of marketing. The working mechanism of Technology Transfer Office (TTO) and the infrastructure necessary to establish these offices and the role of entrepreneurship and innovation centers in universities to perform their role effectively is also highlighted. The research aims to design an optimal dynamic and flexible model of the TTO at the University of Gharyan rearranging some traditional components and establish additional innovation pathways and make it more effective.

Keywords:Technology Transfer Office (TTO); Technological Transfer models; economic development.

In recent years, wireless communication systems have a high demand for high data throughput, high quality and spectrum efficiency. Massive MIMO is one of the new ideas in 5G. The idea is to expand the conventional MIMO system by installing large number of antennas in the base station to make better use of spatial diversity in order to provide higher throughput while using the same spectrum. However, in order to separate users and data streams and eliminate interference, an effective channel estimation technique with minimum overhead is crucial. In this paper, we propose a channel estimation technique to estimate the channel state information based on Kalman Filter. The received predetermined data is used by Kalman filter to estimate the channel, which is then used to detect the following data symbols in the same frame. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is compared to the well-known Least square (LS) and Minimum Mean square Error (MMSE) schemes. The performance of the proposed scheme is assessed using computer simulation, and the obtained results for the proposed channel estimation demonstrate improved bit error rate performance in time-varying Rayleigh fading channels.

MANETs is a type of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and it contains a set of nodes that do not need central management to communicate with each other because each node can act as a sender, receiver and router at the same time. All these nodes can perform self-configuration. The ad hoc stationary or mobile networks face many challenges such as limited bandwidth, congestion and data transfer speed. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop an intelligent routing protocol to encounter these challenges. An evaluation study is also important to perform the backoff contention window effectively in order to know the obstacles and avoid them. This paper concentrates on the performance of backoff contention window using the main routing protocols such as DSR, DSDV and AODV for MANETs networks in crowded areas with random movement. The important parameters which include network throughput …

Abstract— The optimized methods for a forecasting demand have been discussed among researchers to overview the most sufficient need in a rapid expansion city. The methods developed test and compare between all interrelated issues. Many variables are involved in the calculation of energy future demand, the prediction makes aggressive result to achieved requirements. After discussing proposed research methods a suitable and accurate approach is elected to be applied for any city to satisfy the public demand. The objectives of this research are to overview all the methods of forecasting of the electrical demand using different approaches , and come out with the most optimum suitable procedure in the field of electrical network for long and short terms. The result indicates a brilliant analysis with high contribution in the electrical industry, will find its application in a global rapid expansion city. The methods show a tradeoff between cost, reliability and complexity of operations regardless of energy generated.